The nurse is assessing a female client and notes facial hirsutism. the client asks the nurse, "why did this happen to me? " which of the following statements is the nurse's best response?
a. "your diet is not nutritionally balanced."
b. "you may have some hormone imbalances."
c. "usually, there is not a known cause for this condition."
d. "you need to take vitamins."

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?