Catalina ate a candy bar and then went on a fast-moving ride in an amusement park. she was sick to her stomach after the ride and now, catalina cannot eat candy bars, because they make her nauseous. in this learned association, the candy bar serves as a(n) to catalina.

Aresearcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). the cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. the next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. we expect that the plants would ) develop some but not all of the symptoms of the tmv infectionb) develop the typical symptoms of tmv infectionc) not show any disease symptomsd) become infected, but the sap from these plants would be unable to infect other plants