What is the geographic location and/or legal boundaries which determine the range of the courts authority?

What are the answers for the following questions?

What does it mean if a piece of wood is ripped? it has been water-damaged. it has been cut with the grain. it has been cut against the grain. it has been covered with laminate.

Why is the huronian supergroup rock formation particularly interesting to scientists? because it looks like a cross-section of a giant, stone encyclopedia because it formed during the period when oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere because it contains unusually large amounts of oxygen and sulfur because it dramatically altered the planet's development when it first formed