Culture can spread when people force others to learn new languages and traditions. this is best described as cultural diffusion through ?

Witch one is it soo it the the question b.a,b,c,d

Crisis in rivalries between the serbs, croatians and muslims has been going on for centuries and only intensified during the 1990s when non-communist rulers were elected

Which statement about portugal is not true? a. it granted independence to its last colony in 1975 b. it has avoided conflict with spain c. it was a leader in european world exploration in the 1400s d. its economy is changing from agricultural to industrial b. it has avoided conflict with spain