What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption? a. upward movement of magma b. pyroclastic flow c. cooling magma inside the crust d. plate movements

It's A, upward movement of magma

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A) upward movement of magma

Water flows along the east coast and across the western tropical pacific towards south america, while they both are directed towards that way,  el niño does not directly affect the southern flow of water along the coast.