In general, chemicals enter ecosystems through which two spheres? a. atmosphere and hydrosphere b. biosphere and lithosphere d. biosphere and hydrosphere

The appropriate answer is b. the biosphere and the lithosphere . The biosphere represents that region of the earth occupied by living organisms. Humans are mainly responsible for the excess release of chemicals in the biosphere. Other life processes also release chemicals, processes such as respiration and photosynthesis. The lithosphere releases chemicals through processes such as weathering and volcanic activity.

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The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor: