How do internal and external forces case changes to earths surface

Earthquakes occur when stress builds up in the Earth's crust and causes it to break in a line known as a fault. A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust caused by stress in the surrounding rocks.

2cool and cold temperature unless its an ever green tree 

It is useful for historians to write narratives so that history can be passed on from their point of view.  think about a story being told in third person, then think about it again being told in first person, by someone who actually experienced the event.