South America and Africa are both close to the equator. Therefore, the climate in most of the region would be tropical year around. But in South America near the Andres Moutains and in Africa near Mt. Kilimanjaro, the climate is cold. Why do you think this is so?

The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor:

The war began as a fight between mayans and the landowners of the country. the main causes of the guatemalan civil war was started by the greed of the united fruit company, the fear of communism, and the racism toward the  mayan  people.