What argument is James making in this speech

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

Hey this is extremely !international aid debate for geography 10 will mark de brainliest! questions are down below plz put an answer and evidence for it. q1: what are the problems with international aid? q2: what are the alternatives to international aid? q3: what do you think is the best approach to offer international aid? ( answer these questions with credible answers and evidence)

The middle east links which two continents? ●asia and europe●europ and africa●africa and asia●africa and australia