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A trend is the general direction of a price over a period of time. A pattern is a set of data that follows a recognizable form, which analysts then attempt to find in the current data. I think both questions are a pattern.

Geothermic gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing the depth in the earths interior. away from tech tonic plates boundaries, it is about 25-40 c/km (72-87 degrees f/mi) of depth near the surface in most of the world.