Why does the earth not lose its heat as quickly at night as the moon does?

The Earth does not lose its heat at night as quickly as the moon because the Earth has an atmosphere. If you don't know what the word atmosphere means, another way of thinking about it is a blanket around the Earth; a blanket that we can see through.

Humid continental climate is found in the interior of continents between the 30 and 60 degrees latitude, but usually above the 40 degree line.   40 degrees north of the equator means less direct sunlight and therefore less warmth.   this climate is mainly found in the northern hemisphere since there are no major landmasses in the southern hemisphere.  if you live in northern indiana, you know all about humid continental because that is the climate type you have!