Обчислення показників природного та механічного руху на-
селення в різних регіонах України,​

the proximity of water was an advantage to western europe and its culture was able to flourish as a result. trade and travel by sea were easier and safer in historical times.

1. there are no mountains to protect it from the sea

2. and its has wet cool summers and wet, mild winters.

i'm sure the answer you are looking for would be

a. an ice age

hope this contact me if this didn't or you need with more answers : )