Did the exploration of the Spanish, French, and Americans have a positive or negative impact on the Native Americans way of life?

This particular question has two answers depending on who is asking and who is giving the response, the aftermath of the exploration of the new world as a result of the exploration of the Spanish, French, and Britians which later gives ways to the Americans has been in contentions of its effects on the Native Americans. However, it has been majorly agreed by many that the exploration of these nations has far fetch negative effect on the well being and developmental of the Native Americans way of life due to the introduction of different vices in dealing with the natives which benefitted these nations more than Native Americans because of their desire to rob the native of their wealth to stimulate their economy; some basic effects of explorations to North America were the introduction of new deadly diseases such as smallpox, influenza, measles, and chickenpox etc to native America population which almost eradicate their population by claiming the lives of the indigenous people. The mistreatment of the natives by enforcing harsh labor on them,

It should be noted that as a result of the contact with the Native American, they taught them how to read, write, open up a trade route with other tribes which benefited both parties, livestock and other animals were exchanged also leading to bringing new crops etc

i'm sure the answer you are looking for would be

a. an ice age

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