In order for technology and industry to continue to grow, in what other area is innovation required? A. manufacturing processes
B. energy production
C. ways to reduce costs of production
D. ways to increase labor efficiency

d. stage 4

explanation:

the existence of some kind of demographic transition is widely accepted in the social sciences because of the well-established historical correlation linking dropping fertility to social and economic development.[1] scholars debate whether industrialization and higher incomes lead to lower population, or whether lower populations lead to industrialization and higher incomes. scholars also debate to what extent various proposed and sometimes inter-related factors such as higher per capita income,lower mortality, old-age security, and rise of demand for human capital are involved.[2]

a characteristic is a deep cut in the earth or left over rock aka till.  

answer(c) carved on a babylonian clay tablet that showed earth as a flat circular disk;