What causes the formation of the lithospheric plates?

Earth's tectonic plates may have taken as long as 1 billion years to form, researchers report today in Nature1. The plates — interlocking slabs of crust that float on Earth's viscous upper mantle — were created by a process similar to the subduction seen today when one plate dives below another, the report says.

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answer; (b); i believe its indefinite existence of human population in a healthy and prosperous condition;