What was a characteristic of the rulers of the Zhou dynasty they created a strong central government

they use harsh treatment to control the people

they believe that the god tian had given them a mandate to rule

they gained people's loyalty by using the new methods of irrigation

They said that Tian or "heaven" did not require the ruler of the land to be of noble decent and had no term limit. They were just expected to be good and just and would lose his position by way of natural disaster if they lost sight of that

Explanation:

I think its either C or D

Explanation:

They believed that god tian had given them a mandate to rule. The only reason they overthrew the government is because they thought that the god tian gave them a mandate to rule.

I think they gained people's loyalty