What is a physical or mental representation if an object or an event? ?

A model is a physical or mental representation of an object or an event. Their physical representation is objective - they look or feel the way they really do, but the mental representation is quite subjective - everyone feels something different.

The answer would be (c), mass extinctions

Mantle convection is the process that drives plate tectonics. the theory of plate tectonics states that the crust is divided into plates that float on the semi molten mantle below. the circular motion of the magma as it slowly rises and falls or move though convection cells drags the plates along causing them to move. the heat source in the lamp would represent the earth's core. the core is the source of energy that drives convection in the mantle. the lava represents molten magma under the earth's surface. if the lava lamp had floating pieces they would move as the circular motion of the lava in the lamp as it rises and falls would move them along the surface. these floating pieces would represent pieces of the earth's crust.