What is the area in the north most parts of the earth which has extreme and year long cold weather ?!

The diagram below shows the positions of earth, sun, and moon during two types of tides. the difference between high tide and low tide a. is same during tide 1 and tide 2 b. is very less during tide 1 and tide 2 c. is greater during tide 2 than during tide 1 d. is greater during tide 1 than during tide 2