Before the Industrial Revolution, a light-colored variety of peppered moth was well camouflaged among light-colored lichens that grew on the bark of trees around London. A dark-colored variety of the peppered moth probably existed but was rarely observed because it was so easily seen by birds and eaten. When industry was introduced in London, soot killed the pollution-sensitive lichens, exposing dark tree bark. As a result, the dark- colored variety of the moth became the better carnoutlaged of the two moth varieties.
57.

In this situation, what is the relationship between the birds and the moths?
(1) producer-consumer
(2) predator-prey
(3) parasite-host
(4) autotroph-heterotroph

The correct answer is:

Predator-prey (2)

Explanation:

A predator-prey relationship is a relationship between two species when one species is being fed on (prey) and another species is being fed (predator). In this example, the dark-colored moths were easily seen and eaten by birds, hence the birds are the predators, while the moths are the preys.

The other types of relationships listed are

Producer-consumer; here a species of organism are responsible for the conversion of simple chemical substances into more complex substances called food these organisms are called producers. Examples are the green photosynthetic plants that produced food substances from carbondioxide and other simple substances, while consumers are every other organisms that lack the ability to make these special conversions

parasite-host; a parasite-host relationship is one when an organism of usually a lesser complex species (parasite) benefits from another organism(host) thereby harming it in the process.

autotroph-heterotroph; similar to producer consumer relationships, autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from substabces found in their sorroundings eg light for photosynthetic organisms and chemicals for chemosynthetic organisms, while heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms (plants or animals or both) for food.

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