How far north you live from the equator is measured as your , whereas an imaginary line marking all those places at that same distance north of the equator is called a .

LATITUDES AND PARALLEL

Explanation:

Latitudes are the lines that are oriented in the east-west direction and are measured from the equator moving towards both the poles. It ranges from 0° to 90°, where 0° refers to the equator and 90° refers to both the poles on either side. This latitude together with the value of longitude gives the exact coordinates of a location on earth.

Parallels are the imaginary lines joining all the places lying on the same latitude. These are the lines oriented in the east-west direction. These lines are extended in both the hemisphere, maintaining a fixed distance from the equator.

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.