The idea that the processes that formed the earth have taken more than thousands of years instead of quickly is known as

The idea that the processes that formed the earth have taken more than thousands of years instead of quickly is known as Gradualism.

Explanation:

Gradualism is the theory that suggests that the steps in formation of earth’s surface is due to the gradual changes which increased through time. Gradualism means no sudden changes in the earth’s structure for the formation of its surface. Rather, it suggests that the earth took thousands of years to change the surface from a hot molten magma huge mass to become only planet that supports life.

Magma is outside the volcano  and lava is inside the volcano. 

The answer is the magnetosphere.