Which of the following layers of the sun can be seen with some type of telescope? consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles.

The  photosphere, the chromosphere and the ionosphere.

Explanation:

You did not list any layers in your question, however, the sun is composed of mainly 6 layers;

The photosphere is the visible layer of the sun, however, it is very bright even when viewed with a telescope. A filter has to be used to reduce the intensity of the light. This filter is called a myler filter. It is added to the lens of the telescope. Using this, the photosphere can be seen using a telescope.

The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere. Due to the extremly high temperature, hydrogen emits light which gives off a reddish color. This is known as the H-alpha emmision. Therefore, to see this layer with a telescope, a special filter have to be fitted to the lens of the telescope. This filter is called the hydrogen alpha filter.

The corona is the outermost part of the sun atmosphere, however, it is hidden by the sun's bright surface. It can be seen during a total eclipse. This is when the moon covers the bright photosphere.