The major factor influencing whether india will produce an agricultural surplus or suffer a shortage
timing and duration of the monsoon cycle

Timing and duration of the Monsoon Cycle

Explanation:

The monsoon is a combination of wet winds and heavy rains. It occurs during the summer in India and other parts of South Asia. The constant rains of the monsoon allow vegetation to thrive during the season. This is especially needed in India which is prone to droughts and has large swathes of arid or semi-arid areas.

While a monsoon season that occurs during a farming season results in good agricultural yield, too little or too much of it can lead to limited growth or damaged crops, resulting in agricultural shortage.

sorghum farming likely spread with the bantu migration. there is your answer i had to get it wrong to get this right so i hope ya'll enjoy!