Question 1: (80 marks) the drilling and blasting(d& b) process associated with mining operations is not as simple as making a hole in the ground, charging it with explosives and initiating the blast. there are various factors that influence the operational outcomes that need to be considered/accounted for to ensure the sustainability of the d& b operation. throughout this course the following topics have been covered: • drilling and geology (10) commercial explosives (10) underground explosives application (10) surface explosives application (10) fragmentation (10) environmental blasting (10) • blast assessment (10) • economics in blasting (10) for each bullet, elaborate on what important factors should be considered/accounted for in your d& b operation and why and/or how they influence your operation.

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.

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true. earthquakes are felt whenever there is a slip around a fault in the rocks below the earth. this reorientation of faults create sesmic waves and is known as earthquake, the severity of which is measured in richter scale. these are more prominent in hilly regions as the rocks usually form faults to balance the pressures on it.