Exercise 1-a latitude and longitude the geographic grid of parallels and meridians is an artifact, or cultural thing, created by humans as a concept originating in the brain. does this mean that the geographic griod shouldn't be included in physical geography? come to think about it, however, the earth's rotation actually describes the parallels and poles of our earth. imagine a space creature who could hold its position in space just above the earth and direct a powerful laser beam directly down to the surface, searing a black line-a parallel-as the earth turned through 360 degrees. so all points on the earth's surface generate "natural" parallels as the earth turns not so for the meridians of longitude, for these are pure artifacts. (1) using a map, find each of the following cities and give as closely as possible the latitude and longitude of each. estimate to the nearest degree or half-degree. (use google earth, a globe or a world map.) new york, n. y. capetown, s. africa shanghai, china honolulu, hawaii london, england rio de janeiro, brazil lat lat lat. lat lat. lat long long. long. long. long long (2) what error has been made in each of the following notations of latitude and longitude? encircle the error and explain below. a) lat. 5°s, long. 191°w b) lat. 96 n, long. 88 e (c) lat. 21%"e, long. 177"e