4. when does the sun create the longest noon shadows for someone in russellville, ar?
a) meridian b) winter solstice c) zenith d) summer solstice e) equinox

correct option is d) summer solstice

Explanation:

we know that at  summer solstice earth one pole is tilt maximum toward the sun and it happen twice in a year

once make it maximum noon and one make maximum night

and earth maximum tilt toward the Sun is about 23.44°

summer solstice, it is also known as mid summer

and    

when in sky sun reach high position it make

so here correct option is  is d) summer solstice