What colony was heavily settled before 1660

the correct answer is - end permian.

the end of the permian was marked by the biggest mass extinction out planet had ever witnessed, so no wander that this period has been given the nickname of ''the great dying''. around 96% of the species died out, and it was caused by multiple natural catastrophes, including massive super volcano explosions and lava flows, huge amounts of co2 released into the atmosphere, as well as methane from the algae, and that contributed to acidified and stagnant oceans. it is thought that it set life on earth backwards for about 300 million years.

convection

explanation:

liquid rock is moved around and around throughout the inner core of the earth