Successive west african kingdoms ghana, mali, and songhay a) drew upon the agricultural fertiliity of the inland niger river delta b) dominated the urban centers gao, timbuktu, and jenne jeno c) controlled the trade of gold going north and salt going south d) all of the above

The correct option is c) controlled the trade of gold going North and salt going South

Explanation:

the option a) can't be true because Niger river doesn't flow through Ghana and Songhay (but it does flow through Mali), so therefore these successive western African kingdoms can't drew upon the agricultural fertility of the inland Niger river delta.

since the option a) is not true , then we can conclude that the option d) all of the above will also not be true.

while the successive kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, Songhay do have dominance in the trade of gold and salt in the region between Sub Saharan and North Africa, so on the basis of this we can say that it is possible that these kingdoms control the trade of gold going North and salt going South.