The is the entirety of the earth's integrated physical systems, with humans and their impacts included as part of nature.

The correct answer is - geosphere.

The geosphere is roughly described as all the elements that make up the crust and the core of the Earth, including everything that is lifeless and natural on the surface of the Earth, or all in all, it is the entirety of the Earth's integrated physical systems. The geosphere is undergoing under constant processes, which affects all the other spheres and contributes to the changes in them.

there's multiple reasons why the conquistadors were so successful in colonizing central america, and some of them are:

- they were seen as gods;

at the beginning, the spanish settlers were seen by the natives as gods, and this was mainly due to their white skin, and the way they came with their boats.

- possessed superior weaponry;

the spanish had gunpowder and guns, as well as cannons, while the natives did not had any fire weapons.

- made cleaver alliances;

they used the situation of tribes hating each other, so they made alliances with some of them which served them very well.

- brought diseases;

the native people were not immune to certain diseases the europeans brought with them, so they were dying from seeming harmless things for european standards.