The urban heat island effect occurs from the fast heating and slow cooling of a. bodies of water b. the climate c. the natural landscape d. man-made surfaces

An urban heat island is a metropolitan area that is critically warmer than surrounding rural areas due to human activities. It is most evident when winds are weak, in summer and winter. It is primarily caused by modification of land surfaces.

The answer is option D.

Explanation:

A urban warmth island is a metropolitan zone that is  basically hotter than encompassing country territories because of human exercises. It is most  apparent when winds are frail, in summer and winter. It is essentially caused by  change of land surfaces.