Why was it hard for muslims to get to mecca in the past? aside from the lack of vehicles

Because they had to walk more then hundreds of miles through the desolate desert landscape and return to their homes.

The  franco-prussian  war, a  war  that was  led by prussia a coalition of  german  states, defeated  france. the  war  was the end  of  french  hegemony in europe and resulted in a unified  germany.  i hope this !

This would be an open primary. a closed primary people can vote only prior to election day if the party if they are registered. independent voters can not participate. there is not a wide-open primary, but there is a semi-open primary.