Key members of what would later be known as the beat generation, including allen ginsberg, jack kerouac, and neal cassady, met at columbia university in the mid-1940s. from the beginning, youthful rebellion was a basic element of the beat movement. . the beat movement had strong ties to san francisco, which became a center of the counterculture. like the beats, some members of the counterculture were politically active, and some simply “dropped out.” ginsberg, through his antiwar activities and spiritual quests, remained a hero to both wings of the counterculture. based on this passage and what you have learned about the beat movement and the vietnam era, why is ginsberg thought of as "a hero to both wings of the counterculture"? he changed his mind about us conformity after he became political in the 1960s. he dropped out of mainstream in the 1960s after his heyday with the beats in the 1950s. he knew kerouac and cassady, who were connected with san francisco counterculture. he connected to both the beat generation rebellion and anti-vietnam war activities.

Read the excerpt from the code book. without much hope of a theoretical breakthrough, cryptanalysts have been forced to look for a technological innovation. if there is no obvious way to reduce the number of steps required for factoring, then cryptanalysts need a technology that will perform these steps more quickly. silicon chips will continue to get faster as the years pass, doubling in speed roughly every eighteen months, but this is not enough to make a real impact on the speed of factoring—cryptanalysts require a technology that is billions of times faster than current computers. consequently, cryptanalysts are looking toward a radically new form of computer, the quantum computer. if scientists could build a quantum computer, it would be able to perform calculations with such enormous speed that it would make a modern supercomputer look like a broken abacus. the author’s purpose in this paragraph is to convince the readers to pursue a career in analysis. explain the need for faster technology in cryptanalysis. entertain with interesting stories about supercomputers. argue for more money to develop a quantum computer.