Acertain town has a lively, active downtown shopping district, but it is crowded with automobile traffic. some citizens think that the town council should bar traffic from the central street in the shopping district, turning it into a pedestrians-only plaza. a town council member makes a speech in favor of the proposal.

which statements represent valid reasoning and which statements represent invalid reasoning?

Hello, sorry this is a little late, but hopefully it can help others who visit this question!

I believe the correct answers to your question would be:

Valid Reasons: "Barring motor vehicles from the central area will help reduce air pollution and noise pollution." and "Studies predict that shopping activity in the area will increase if cars are prohibited."

Invalid Reasons: "At a dinner I attended recently, someone complained loudly about the number of cars in the shopping district." and "Many cities of our size have downtowns that are only active during workdays, not on evenings or weekends."

I can confirm these answers are 100% correct!

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To form soil, the two processes which must occur are erosion and weathering, so the correct answer is "soil formation is a continuous presses, but also one which takes a long time, it can sometimes take more than five hundred years for 1cm of soil to form.