Swift uses a fictional narrator to present the proposal in his essay. describe the tone of this narrator toward the ideas he is proposing, citing words and phrases that reveal his attitude. how does this tone contribute to the effectiveness of the satire?

The tone of the narrator in Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal" (1729) is satyrical with a great degree of cynicism.

He also speaks with a humble and reasonable tone to present his ideas as legitimate in order to highlight the ludicrousness of serving children as food and cattle and that it could be taken as a serious solution to the devastating situation in Ireland. This tone can be seen already in the title "A Modest Proposal". These "reasonable" tone satirizes discourses that judge people in practical and economic terms. For example, he mentions that boys and girls are not a "saleable commodity", or later in the essay he states that "For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, the flesh being of too tender a consistence to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it."

The tone allows him to effectively satirize people who turn humanity into cold economic thought. On a logical level, the argument is flawless, but it is morally abject. It is important to bear in mind that the essay was first published anonymously. By hidding Swift's authorship, the readers did not know it was the work of the famous satirist, so it had a more powerful effect without looking for the joke from the beginning.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)