When citing a quote from a novel, what information needs to be in the parentheses? where does the period go?

It usually depends on what English teacher / class you have. I think you have to do (Last name, First Name, Book Name, City (if given), and Year) or maybe less depending on what your teacher ideally wants. Your teacher  should clarify this and if they complain about this format, blame them for not teaching their preference to you. The period probably would be after the parenthesis, at the very end. Hope this helps