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Jellyfish Take Over
By Rosalind Fonem
Imagine this. There are glowing lights all around a ship in the middle of the ocean. An 18th-century sailor would most likely think that a monster was surrounding the ship—ready to ingest it and all the people onboard. Today, we know that the lights come from the phosphorescent glow of jellyfish. Although swarms of jellyfish can be beautiful, they can also be a central part of an ecological disaster in the making.

For an animal that does not have a brain, a heart, or blood, jellyfish have a negative impact in many places in the world. Normally, jellyfish travel in groups called swarms. When these swarms multiply and their numbers grow out of control, they are called blooms. Some species of jellyfish can release up to 40,000 eggs daily! It’s no wonder that these swarms could turn into blooms.

In the Black Sea, blooms of Mnemiopsis jellyfish are responsible for millions of dollars in losses for the local fishery industries who catch and sell anchovies. These blooms of jellyfish eat the larvae and eggs of these local fish leaving the fishermen without fish and without a way to make a living.

Today, there is an unlikely hero in the Black Sea. A different species of jellyfish called the Bereo jellyfish found its way into the Black Sea. This species eats the Mnemiopsis jellyfish. The Bereo are creating a more balanced ecosystem. Although this has saved the Black Sea, scientists are wary about using the Bereo in other seas. “We are thinking about using the Bereo in other areas, but we are concerned. There is a real fear of negative ecological consequences from introducing new species.

"Science data shows that over the past few years there has been an increase in swarms of jellyfish,” said Steve Hay, a plankton ecologist. Fisheries are not the only industry affected by these swarms. In the past few years, seawater filled with jellyfish clogged the filters of nuclear power plants in Japan, Israel and Scotland. The plants were shut down after the blooms clogged the cooling water filters (intake pipes).

“The Sea of Japan is filled with jellyfish and is disturbing the ecology and clogging our power plants,” stated a local high school student. “We decided to cook the jellyfish and make a caramel candy.” These students from Fisheries High School in Japan are hoping that their unique solution to the problem will help to save the Sea of Japan from the jellyfish takeover. They hope they can sell the candy and save the sea.

In addition, jellyfish blooms can even affect the political stability of a country. A power plant in the Philippines was shut off after the system was clogged by jellyfish. Thousands of people were without electricity. The Philippine citizens were so upset that there was nearly a political upheaval in the country. What can be done about all these disruptions?

Jellyfish occur naturally in nature. It is not clear why these blooms occur. It is important that scientists and industries continue to study jellyfish blooms closely in order to avoid these far-reaching problems.

Author: Rosalind Fonem

Title of Website: Jellyfish Ecology

Date last updated: 5 October 2011

Name of organization that sponsors the site: Conserve the Oceans

Date accessed: This is the date you read this article