Read the text Navigational Instruments: The Quadrant and answer the question. The quadrant is a tool that was first invented by the Greeks around the time of 240 BCE. Its name comes from the shape of the tool. It is one fourth of a whole circle, and quad means four. When this tool was originally built, it had many purposes. First, astronomers used it to determine the height of stars above the horizon. Second, land surveyors used it to measure the height of manmade creations like buildings and landforms such as mountains. Third, soldiers used the quadrant to aim weapons with accuracy.

As years passed, sailors found use for the quadrant, too. By the 16th century, sailors needed a better way to navigate their ships. In the past, they used key landmarks to find their positions. However, when exploring new lands, they had to travel through unfamiliar waters. Another challenge they faced was that at times, they were surrounded by only water and had no landmarks to follow. Luckily, many sailors understood the movement of the Pole Star, called Polaris. It moved very little because of its location above the North Pole. The height of Polaris changed depending on a ship's latitude. Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. Knowing how high Polaris was in relation to their ship could help sailors navigate the waters, quickly and with ease.

To find the height of the star, sailors used the quadrant, the first latitude-measuring tool. For sailors, the quadrant was a simple tool made from wood or metal. Due to its simplicity, sailors learned quickly how to use the instrument. First, they would line the sights of the quadrant up with Polaris. Using the tool, they could measure the angle between the horizon and Polaris to determine their latitude. To do this, they looked at the recordings of the degrees along the arc of the tool. The quadrant remained one of the most common navigational tools used by sailors for a long time. It used a combination of astronomy and math to lead them successfully to the New World.

Based on the information in the article, what can be inferred about the inventors of the quadrant?

What is the biggest difference in central ideas and themes? question 1 options: themes are for stories with characters in them. there is only a central idea if it is explicitly (specifically, outright) stated in a story. central ideas are a main idea specific to the text, while themes are an universal lesson or moral. themes are only found in nonfiction, while central ideas are found in fiction. question 2 (1 point) which of the following is not a true statement about theme? question 2 options: mulitple themes can be found within a single text theme is usually inferred. the theme is always clearly stated by the author or a character. themes should be supported by evidence from the text. question 3 (1 point) what is indirect characterization? question 3 options: all details stated and implied that give the reader information about a character. details such as age, height, or hair color that give the reader information about a character. actions or dialogue said by a character that give the reader information about a character. the description an author gives about the character in the exposition. question 4 (1 point) which sentence best describes lizabeth's development in "marigolds"? question 4 options: lizabeth matures when she recognizes that love is more powerful than hate. lizabeth learns that sympathy and understanding come from recognizing the truth about other people. lizabeth changes her behavior after she recognizes that she needs to be a better example for her brother. lizabeth comes to recognize that the world is too barren to create lasting beauty. question 5 (1 point) how does the resolution of lizabeth's conflict in "marigolds" develop the theme? question 5 options: lizabeth recognizes that she has looked only at herself rather than at other people. lizabeth's destruction of miss lotte's flowers brings about justice over miss lotte's ill-treatment of the children. lizabeth's pursuit of adventure leads her to a more fulfilling life away from the shantytown. the camaraderie of lizbeth and joey creates meaning in both their lives. question 6 (1 point) which of the following quotations best exemplifies lizabeth's childish nature at the beginning of the story? question 6 options: "and one other thing i remember, another incongruency of memory - a brilliant splash of sunny yellow against the dust - miss lottie's marigolds." "by the time i was fourteen, my brother joey and i were the only children left at the house." "'hey, lizabeth,' joey yelled. he never talked when he could yell." "then i lost my head entirely, mad with the power of inciting such rage, and ran out of the bushes chanting madly, 'old witch, fell in a ditch, picked up a penny and through she was rich! '" question 7 (1 point) the story "marigolds" is told in a flashback. lizabeth recounts the details of the incident with miss lottie for the reader years after they have happened. how is this important to the development of lizabeth's character? question 7 options: lizabeth is older now and realizes that she may not have made the best decisions. lizabeth feels sorry for herself now and thinks that miss lottie is still angry. there were so many kids and so little to do, their behaviors should have been overlooked. all of these question 8 (1 point) lizabeth's "world had lost its boundary lines," when she overheard her father crying to her mother. what can we assume about the character of the father because of her reaction to this moment? question 8 options: we can assume that her father is a weak man. we can assume that her father shares his fears with his children and wife often. we can assume that her father is a proud and strong man and that his brokenness is a change in his character. we can assume that until this moment, her father has only cried to lizabeth but not to her mother which explains her surprise.