Resolution: Justice requires the recognition of animal rights. Negative position: Animals have no moral rights. They lack any sense of morality. They lack an understanding of their duties toward others. They lack the capacity for free moral judgment.

. . . Animals do not behave morally, and they are not members of a moral community.

Read the resolution and the negative position.

Which text evidence best supports the negative position?

“They lack an understanding of their duties toward others.”
“Animals have no moral rights.”
“They are not members of a moral community.”
“Animals do not behave morally.”