“John is 17 and has been drinking heavily since he was 12. He drinks almost every day, but when he is particularly anxious, he drinks until he passes out. His father and his grandfather were diagnosed alcoholics; his father drank himself to death when John was 14. His mother and older brother do not drink at all, and they have always told John that he is the family’s black sheep, the rebellious one who is destined to be like his father.” According to this brief paragraph, we understand that John’s case presents a few components that could cause his abnormal behavior. Although, there a few models out there to help psychologists understand and diagnosed their patients. We will be trying to understand John’s abnormal behavior using the multipath model. A model that is according to what we read in the book, is “a model that provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous influences on the development of mental disorders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders from a holistic framework (Sue et al., 2016). I have decided to use the multipath model to be able to better understand John’s abnormal disorder. The four dimensions model help us to analyze separately each element that may be a reason for John’s behavior.

First, biological point of view: The statement does show some biological factors that prove John’s predisposition of being an alcoholic. Knowing that his father and grandfather were both diagnosed alcoholics, we then suggest that he too has the genes responsible for this unfortunate foundation and could even assume that John is like his predecessors, an alcoholic. Second, psychological dimension: John also presents some evidence for psychological dysfunction based on his problem with anxiety according to this statement “but when he is particularly anxious, he drinks until he passes out (The case of John).” Which also is a sign of depression. Third, from a social point of view, we believe that the rejection and bully lifestyle that he undergoes due to his heavy drinking from his mother and older brother labeling him as the black sheep of the family also creates a great amount of stress that would contribute to his anxiety and a more heavier drinking. However, due to the briefness of the statement, we do not basically enough evidence for this last dimension. But since we already read about the essential points, also knowing how much a heavy drinking lifestyle could and would affect an individual’s life, we could presume that John’s interactions with family members, his peers, and his community would be very restricted. With that said, we could with a doubt claim the fourth dimension.

The number one key behavior that I feel need to be addressed with treatment is his drinking problems. As we already know, John is underage for alcohol use, and that needs to be a psychologist priority. Since John doesn’t have the support needed from his family members that I believe mostly help the depravation of his case, he would have to find that from a circle of professionals who would help manage his behavior and care for him both physically and psychologically. Another help for John would be that “the psychologist can help the drinker and significant others navigate these complex transitions, help families understand problem drinking and learn how to support family members in recovery (American Psychological Association).” Which would also help build his self-esteem.

I think I would start first with detoxication by allowing his system to reject as much possible the toxins left by his drinking. that is my opinion on how I would want to start a process of healing in John’s case. Also, I would start by creating new habits to help him cope with his addiction and recover from it. Therefore, the best fitting strategy would be to help with program that would modify John ego and help with his healing process.

In conclusion, John is showing some sign of depression that can lead to fatal accident, and physical problems in the future. Even though John’s case is a very delicate case, it is also not an impossible to recover from. With proper understanding and well-diagnosis, I believe that John can recover and work toward a changed and promising life. it will only depend on his willingness to allow others to help him.

which use of figurative language most clearly conveys sadness