The underlined words are a(n) appositive phrase.
absolute phrase.
restrictive clause.
independent clause.

My father, an electrical engineer, patiently explained the confusing material in my science textbook.

appositive phrase.

Explanation:

An appositive phrase is a noun or a noun phrase that provides another name for a previously mentioned noun. The additional name given to that noun provides a clearer meaning or more information that enhances our understanding of the sentence. The phrase, "an electrical engineer", provides more information about the noun "father", thus helping us to understand why the student's father was qualified to answer the question in the science textbook.

both the address and the poster use diction to convey their message. diction is defined as a style of writing or speaking based on the types of words chosen in order to send a message. parallelism is when a similar sentence structure is used for several sentences on a text; roosevelt's address doesn't follow that. repetition has to do with repeating a word or sentence in order to emphasize and idea, however neither the poster nor the address use repetion. finally, the address doesn't use images to convey a message.