Expansion of the Executive Power by the Patriot Act (From Understanding and Responding to the Terrorism Phenomenon: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective, P 354-364, 2007, Ozgur Nikbay and Suleyman Hancerli, eds. -- See NCJ-225118)NCJ Number 225147Author(s) Ali OzdoganDate Published 2007AnnotationThis paper presents a brief overview and analysis of the U. S. Patriot Act (the Act) and discusses the positions of the President and the Congress toward the Act, followed by the author’s assessment of the political implications of the Act. AbstractAlthough the power of the executive branch has expanded in matters of national security since the 1960s the enactment of the Patriot Act in response to September 11 has provided a further expansion of executive power. The Act makes changes to more than 15 existing Federal statutes, broadens the definition of terrorism, increases penalties for terrorists, expands the Federal Government’s power on wiretapping, and increases the scope of search warrants and subpoenas by lowering standards of probable cause. In addition, it facilitates information-sharing among law enforcement agencies, expands surveillance authority under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, and restricts the rights of citizens and noncitizens. In post September 11, the Bush administration has been a moving force in initiating a "war" against terrorism. Congress supported the President as the head of the executive branch in this "war" initiative, believing that their constituents wanted to feel secure more than they wanted to hold the line on protecting their civil rights. The Congress, however, included "sunset" provisions for the Act, recognizing that public support for some of its features might wane over time. Therefore, if public support for the Act deteriorates, certain objectionable provisions of the Act will automatically expire. The author of this paper argues that counterterrorism polices should be acceptable to the public and to democratic principles over the long term. This suggests that legislators should adhere to the fundamental principles framed in the U. S. Constitution, regardless of the nature of the terrorist threat or the public’s current anxiety about security. 17 notes and 19 referencesAdditional DetailsSale SourceIOS Press AddressNieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, NetherlandsPublication FormatBook ChapterPublication TypeLegislation/Policy

the rhetoric device being used to persuade the audience is pathos.

i have learned a great many things from participating in varsity football. it has changed my entire outlook on and attitude toward life. before my freshman year at [high-school], i was shy, had low self-esteem and turned away from seemingly impossible challenges. football has altered all of these qualities. on the first day of freshman practice, the team warmed up with a game of touch football. the players were split up and the game began. however, during the game, i noticed that i didn't run as hard as i could, nor did i try to evade my defender and get open. the fact of the matter is that i really did not want to be thrown the ball. i didn't want to be the one at fault if i dropped the ball and the play didn't succeed. i did not want the responsibility of the team because i was too afraid of making a mistake. that aspect of my character led the first years of my high school life. i refrained from asking questions in class, afraid they might be considered too stupid or dumb by my classmates. all the while, i went to practice and everyday, i went home physically and mentally exhausted.

yet my apprehension prevailed as i continued to fear getting put in the game in case another player was injured. i was still afraid of making mistakes and getting blamed by screaming coaches and angry teammates. sometimes these fears came true. during my sophomore season, my position at backup guard led me to play in the varsity games on many occasions. on such occasions, i often made mistakes. most of the time the mistakes were not significant; they rarely changed the outcome of a play. yet i received a thorough verbal lashing at practice for the mistakes i had made. these occurrences only compounded my fears of playing. however, i did not always make mistakes. sometimes i made great plays, for which i was congratulated. now, as i dawn on my senior year of football and am faced with two starting positions, i feel like a changed person.

over the years, playing football has taught me what it takes to succeed. from months of tough practices, i have gained a hard work ethic. from my coaches and fellow teammates, i have learned to work well with others in a group, as it is necessary to cooperate with teammates on the playing field. but most important, i have also gained self-confidence. if i fail, it doesn't matter if they mock or ridicule me; i'll just try again and do it better. i realize that it is necessary to risk failure in order to gain success. the coaches have always said before games that nothing is impossible; i know that now. now, i welcome the challenge. whether i succeed or fail is irrelevant; it is only important that i have tried and tested myself.

the topic of this essay is how the applicant has matured and changed since his freshman year. he focuses on football. one of the strengths of this essay is that it is well organized. the applicant clearly put time into the structure and planning of this essay. he uses the platform of football to discuss and demonstrate his personal growth and development through the high school years. what he could have done better was spend more time describing himself after he made improvements. as it is, he only tells us about his newfound confidence and drive. this essay would have been stronger had he actually shown us, perhaps by including a story or describing an event where his confidence made a difference

explanation:

which words are in bold?

answer: the correct answer is that he still ridicules people that look different.

explanation: in "the nose"   by nikolai gogol, the author sets up a satirical view of russian society. the book is divided into three parts and tells the story of collegiate assessor ('major') kovalyov, who gets up one morning without his nose. he later finds out that his nose has developed a life by itself, and has apparently surpassed him by attaining the rank of state councillor. the short story showcases the obsession with social rank that plagued russia after peter the great introduced the table of ranks. by allowing commoners to attain hereditary nobility through service to the state, a large population was given the chance to move up in social status. this opportunity, however, also gave way to large bureaucracies, in which many of gogol's characters worked.