The underlined lines are an example of a Cultural allusion
Historical allusion
Literary allusion
Religious allusion

historical allusion

Explanation:

from the count of monte cristo there are two synonyms of the word “grotto”. these words are chamber and cavern.

i believe it is the first choice (1.)

because the major theme is(“both the wild and civilization have rules.”)

and also as u said,( based on what buck learns within the call of the wild, "both the wild and civilization have rules".this is true of humans within society as well.