Read this sentence:
to become certified, you must take a written exam, have taken a physical activity test, and submit to a background check. which revision of the sentence uses parallel structure?
a. to become certified, you must be taking a written exam, take a physical activity test, and submit to a background check
. b. to become certified, you must take a written exam, take a physical activity test, and submit to a background check.
c. to become certified, you must take a written exam, taking a physical activity test, and submit to a background check.
d. to become certified, you must take a written exam, take a physical activity test, and to submit to a background check.

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. ‘you make me feel uncivilized, daisy,’ i confessed on my second glass of corky but rather impressive claret. ‘can’t you talk about crops or something? ’ i meant nothing in particular by this remark but it was taken up in an unexpected way. ‘civilization’s going to pieces,’ broke out tom violently. ‘i’ve gotten to be a terrible pessimist about things. have you read ‘the rise of the coloured empires’ by this man goddard? ’ ‘why, no,’ i answered, rather surprised by his tone. ‘well, it’s a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. it’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.’ in this passage, tom’s ideas about race relations come off as uncivilized. what literary device is fitzgerald using here? irony personification metaphor simile