Read this excerpt from "edward jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination.” scientific advances during the two centuries since edward jenner performed his first vaccination on james phipps have proved him to be more right than wrong.
which is the author’s central claim in this excerpt?
jenner performed his experiments very long ago in a different kind of world.
there have been important scientific advances in the past two centuries.
jenner’s work is still relevant and important today.
few changes are needed to improve the vaccination.

Which themes are portrayed in this excerpt from leo tolstoy’s the death of ivan ilyich? praskovya fedorovna came of a good family, was not bad looking, and had some little property. ivan ilyich might have aspired to a more brilliant match, but even this was good. he had his salary, and she, he hoped, would have an equal income. she was well connected, and was a sweet, pretty, and thoroughly correct young woman. to say that ivan ilyich married because he fell in love with praskovya fedorovna and found that she sympathized with his views of life would be as incorrect as to say that he married because his social circle approved of the match. he was swayed by both these considerations: the marriage gave him personal satisfaction, and at the same time it was considered the right thing by the most highly placed of his associates. so ivan ilyich got married. conforming to social conventions criticism of a middle class lifestyle the destructive impact of loneliness struggling to face reality the necessity of companionship