In which sentence does the underlined noun clause function as a direct object?

whoever works as a lifeguard needs special training.

experts say that one of the best times to put on sunscreen is when you exit the water.

we like to set up our blanket in whatever place gets some shade

you must pack whatever you need for the beach.

moon-letters were a method of writing invented by the dwarves. moon-letters were ordinary runes, but written in such a way that they could only be read when the light of the moon shone behind the writing. some moon-letters could be read by any moonlight, but it was possible to make the writing even more secret. more sophisticated moon-letters could only be read by the light of the same shape of moon, or at the same time of year, as when they were written. hope this !

the answer is academic paper

and the second should be college professor