Which line would most likely be written by a reader analyzing hamlet through a formalist lens? the female characters in the play are defined by their relationships. the male characters in the play are defined by their power. the play includes repeated references to death and decay. the play highlights political issues common in shakespeare’s time.

The formalistic approach to literature has to do with paying attention to the text itself - disregarding the author and the historical circumstances under which that particular author wrote that work of literature. So, this approach studies the structure of the text, and not really the metaphors and other figures of speech. Having that in mind, the correct answer is - The play includes repeated references to death and decay.
This is taking a look at the structure of the text - you can see which words are used often and base your analysis on that if you want to use this approach.

Just gather as many details

Adjective clauses  begin with words such as that, when, where, who, whom, whose, which, and why. an essential (or restrictive)  adjective clauseprovides information that is necessary for identifying the word it modifies. so for example*** wrong= i the man gave me direction. example right ( i the man who gave me the  direction.