Which logical fallacy occurs when a speaker assumes that an action was caused by whatever came before it?
a. straw man
b. ad hoc
c. false causality
d. ad hominem

I believe it is C: False Causality because it occurs when one treats as the cause of a thing what is not really the cause of that thing, or more generally, when one blunders in reasoning that is based upon two events affecting each other. It is often seen when it is assumed that just because A precedes B then A must definitely have caused B.