How can people avoid avoid being tricked by faulty persuasion tactics

Why does pumblechook choke on the brandy at christmas dinner? a. he has had too much to drink. b. mrs. joe had only spoiled brandy to serve him. c. pip replaced it with tar water. d. he becomes overexcited telling his story.

In a debate focused specifically on the topic of whether new laws are needed to prevent distracted driving, the following argument is made. which type of special appeal does it demonstrate? “my opponent is correct—distracted driving is very dangerous. many activities—texting, talking on the phone, looking at maps, eating breakfast—all of these contribute to accidents. yes, we have statistics to support that. however, my opponent is totally ignoring the role that improper and inconsistent maintenance of your vehicle can also have in causing accidents! ” a. false analogy b. red herring c. bandwagon d. fallacy of argument from ignorance

Read this paragraph from a cause-and-effect essay. upwelling and el niño in normal years, the trade winds cause colder, nutrient-rich waters to rise to the ocean surface. this process is called “upwelling,” and it causes small fish called plankton to multiply. which rubric term or phrase would apply to the phrase “trade winds”? a. effect b. elaboration of a cause or effect c. transition between a cause and an effect d. cause