How does a reader find an author’s purpose?

i. by examining the author’s background

ii. by examining the historical and cultural context

iii. by examining the details in the text

i only

i, ii, and iii

ii and iii only

i and ii only

2 and 3 is the answer

II and III only

Although an author's origin can have some influence in his writing, it is unlikely that this will help us find the purpose of a specific work. Instead, we can look at the context and the details of the text. Studying what the historical and cultural context of an author's work was like can allow us to discover what the important values and events of his time were. In turn, this might illuminate some of the concerns that an author might have had while writing. Examining the details of the text can also allow us to discover the author's purpose by providing clues in devices such as metaphors and symbols.

given the fact that the question is about the detail that best support the idea that oppressive leaders use   propaganda to achieve thir goals,   the first option does not refer to any kind of propaganda, since it only tells about that the milk and the windfall apple should be reserved for the pigs. in the second option, that is, "snowball and napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on the neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the rebellion, and teach them the tune of "beasts of england". it can be identified that the oppressors make use of the propaganda, which is represented by the pigeons, and the information they have to tell other animals about what was happening in the farm in order to get their objectives. for that reason, the right answer is the second option, taking into account that the third option do not refer to propaganda since it only talks about that they did not want jones back. and, finally, the last option refers to the result of the given news, but it does not mean about the propaganda they used to achieve their goals.

i cannot see any of the options