Read the passage below: It is estimated that around four billion trees are cut down each year to make paper. Perhaps that number would have been acceptable twenty years ago, but in this day and age, it's unacceptable. What makes today so different than 20 years ago? The digital revolution. With everything from medical files, to newspapers, to textbooks offered on digital platforms, why should we continue to destroy the natural environment for the sake of making paper? Governments should make laws limiting paper manufacturers in order to end a practice that is wasteful, destroys rainforests, and harms the environment. Which statement reflects one of the author's arguable claims? Four billion trees are cut down each year. In this day and age, it's unacceptable. Manufacturing paper is wasteful. Textbooks should be offered digitally.

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. ‘you make me feel uncivilized, daisy,’ i confessed on my second glass of corky but rather impressive claret. ‘can’t you talk about crops or something? ’ i meant nothing in particular by this remark but it was taken up in an unexpected way. ‘civilization’s going to pieces,’ broke out tom violently. ‘i’ve gotten to be a terrible pessimist about things. have you read ‘the rise of the coloured empires’ by this man goddard? ’ ‘why, no,’ i answered, rather surprised by his tone. ‘well, it’s a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. it’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.’ in this passage, tom’s ideas about race relations come off as uncivilized. what literary device is fitzgerald using here?